Pluralitas dalam berkiblat dinyatakan dalam Quran. Dengan memahami hal itu diharapkan Anda, umat beragama Islam, menyadari bahwa walaupun kita berbeda di dalam agama (Yahudi, Kristen, Islam), namun perbedaan itu bukanlah menjadi ajang untuk saling mengalahkan. Perbedaan syariat (misalnya aturan tentang kiblat) sesuai QS 2:148 seharusnya menjadi ajang untuk berlomba-lomba dalam berbuat kebaikan.A. PENGANTAR
B. DALIL QURAN
QS 2:148 (Al-Baqarah - Sapi Betina, Urutan Turun Quran: 87, Madaniyah)
walikullin WIJHATUN huwa muwalliihaa FAISTABIQUU ALKHAYRAATI aynamaa takuunuu ya/ti bikumu allaahu jamii’an inna allaaha ‘alaa kulli syay-in qadiirun
Dan bagi tiap-tiap umat ada KIBLATnya (sendiri) yang ia menghadap kepadanya. MAKA BERLOMBA-LOMBALAH (DALAM MEMBUAT) KEBAIKAN. Di mana saja kamu berada pasti Allah akan mengumpulkan kamu sekalian (pada hari kiamat). Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu.
Perikop: Qs 2:142-152 Sekitar pemindahan kiblat.
walikullin WIJHATUN huwa muwalliihaa FAISTABIQUU ALKHAYRAATI aynamaa takuunuu ya/ti bikumu allaahu jamii’an inna allaaha ‘alaa kulli syay-in qadiirun
Dan bagi tiap-tiap umat ada KIBLATnya (sendiri) yang ia menghadap kepadanya. MAKA BERLOMBA-LOMBALAH (DALAM MEMBUAT) KEBAIKAN. Di mana saja kamu berada pasti Allah akan mengumpulkan kamu sekalian (pada hari kiamat). Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Kuasa atas segala sesuatu.
Perikop: Qs 2:142-152 Sekitar pemindahan kiblat.
Ibn Al KathirC. TAFSIR (1)
Every Nation has a Qiblah
Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said: (For every nation there is a direction to which they face (in their prayers)) "This talks about followers of the various religions. Hence, every nation and tribe has its own Qiblah that they choose, while Allah's appointed Qiblah is what the believers face.'' Abul-`Aliyah said, "The Jew has a direction to which he faces (in the prayer). The Christian has a direction to which he faces. Allah has guided you, O (Muslim) Ummah, to a Qiblah which is the true Qiblah.'' This statement was also related to Mujahid, `Ata' Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi, and others. This last Ayah is similar to what Allah said: (To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allah had willed, He would have made you one nation, but that (He) may test you in what He has given you; so compete in good deeds. The return of you (all) is to Allah.) (5:48)
In the Ayah (2:148), Allah said: (Wheresoever you may be, Allah will bring you together (on the Day of Resurrection). Truly, Allah is able to do all things.) meaning: He is able to gather you from the earth even if your bodies and flesh disintegrated and scattered.
Jalalayn
Every person, of every community, has his direction (wijha), [his] qibla, to which he turns (muwallīhā, ‘he turns to it’, is also read as muwallāhā, ‘he is made to turn to it’), in his prayers, so vie with one another in good works, strive with acts of obedience and acceptance of these. Wherever you may be, God will bring you all together, gathering you on the Day of Resurrection and requiting you for your deeds; surely God has power over all things.
Kashf Al-Asrar
Everyone has a direction to which he turns.
The creatures have five kiblahs. First is the Throne, second the Footstool, third the Inhabited House, fourth the Holy House [Jerusalem], and fifth the Kaabah. The Throne is the kiblah of the angels who carry it. The Footstool is the kiblah of the cherubim. The Inhabited House is the kiblah of the spirituals. The Holy House is the kiblah of the prophets. The Kaabah is the kiblah of the faithful. The Throne is of light, the Footstool of gold, the Inhabited House of carnelian, the Holy House of marble, and the Kaabah of stone.This is an allusion for the faithful servant: "If you cannot come to the Throne to circumam- bulate, or to the Footstool to visit, or to the Inhabited House to worship, or to the Holy House to serve, then at least you can turn your face five times a day toward this stone, which is the kiblah of the faithful, and receive the reward for all of them." ...
Ibn ‘Abbâs
(And each one hath a goal) to each adherent of a religion a Qiblah (towards which he turneth) he faces according to his own whim; it is also said that this means: to each prophet a Qiblah, which is the Ka'bah, towards which he is ordered to face; (so vie with one another in good works) so hasten, O community of Muhammad, to perform acts of obedience more than any other nation. (Wheresoever you may be) on land or at sea, (Allah will bring you all together) gather you together and reward you for the good works you performed. (Lo! Allah is Able to do all things) like gathering you together as well as other things.
Untuk bisa memahami maksud ayat 148, Anda perlu membacanya dari ayat 142 hingga 152. Kisahnya di mulai dengan pertanyaan kritis umat Yahudi ketika Muhammad mengganti arah kiblat dan 'penahbisan' Kabah Mekkah' sebagai kiblat bagi umat pengikut Muhammad (143) hingga pemisahan antara kiblat Yahudi dan kiblat Islam (dua kiblat berbeda, ayat 145). Dengan membaca kronologi peristiwa itulah Anda membaca ayat 148.D. PEMBAHASAN
Kalimat "walikullin wijhatun huwa muwalliihaa ..." dalam ayat 148 diterjemahkan menjadi "Dan bagi tiap-tiap umat ada kiblatnya (sendiri) yang ia menghadap kepadanya. ...". Hal ini bisa dimengerti karena ayat 148 adalah tanggapan atas apa yang telah terjadi pada ayat-ayat sebelumnya (142-147). Inilah yang menyebabkan para penafsir Islam (Jalalayn, Kathir, Abbas) tidak ragu menyebutkan bahwa yang dimaksud kalimat tersebut adalah merujuk pada umat-umat terdahulu yang kepada mereka telah diberikan kitab-kitab Allah (lihat tafsir Kathir yang mengaitkan QS 2:148 dengan QS 5:48).
Pluralitas dalam hal ber-kiblat pun semakin menguat ketika kita membaca tafsir Kashf Al-Asrar yang menyatakan bahwa memang kiblat Yahudi dan kiblat Islam berbeda dan semua adalah betul adanya sebagai kiblat (panduan arah untuk beribadah).
Quran tidak pernah mengajarkan tentang kiblat tunggal, melainkan masing-masing umat Allah memiliki kiblat masing-masing sesuai apa yang telah dinyatakan Allah dalam kitab-kitab Allah sebelum Quran. QS 2:148 menggajak umat Yahudi di zaman Muhammad untuk, daripada situ jadi rese karena kami pindah kiblat ke Mekkah lebih baik situ, menjalankan apa yang telah ditetapkan Allah sebagai kiblat bagi umatnya (Yahudi). Dengan kalimat lain seperti yang ada dalam ayat 148 dikatakan: " ... FAISTABIQUU ALKHAYRAATI ...". Berlomba-lomba taat mengikuti apa yang telah Allah tetapkan dalam masing-masing kitab-Nya (Yahudi berkiblat ke Yerusalem, Islam berkiblat ke Mekkah) bagi umat Allah yang memang tidak tunggal hanya umat Islam saja.E. KESIMPULAN
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Footnote:
(1) http://quranx.com/Tafsirs/2.148