Membujuk Non Islam dengan Dana Zakat untuk Menjadi Mualaf | QS 9:60 - Innamaa Alshshadaqaatu ... Waalmu-allafati Quluubuhum

A. PENGANTAR

Umat beragama Islam yang sering menuduh adanya Kristenisasi justru membuktikan bahwa ukhuwah Islamiyah dengan segala tetek-bengek klaim sistem ekonomi Islam itu hebat justru sudah buntu, tidak berjalan dengan baik di dalam kehidupan di tengah masyarakat. Di sisi lain ternyata Quran menyediakan cara-cara yang dihalalkan untuk me-mualaf-kan non islam.

B. DALIL QURAN

QS 9:60 (At-Taubah - Pengampunan, Urutan Turun Quran: 113, Madaniyah)
innamaa alshshadaqaatu ... waalMU-ALLAFati quluubuhum ... .
Sesungguhnya zakat-zakat itu, hanyalah untuk ..., para MU'ALLAF yang dibujuk hatinya, ... .

C. TAFSIR (1)

Tafsir Jalalayn
... and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, so that they might become Muslims, or that Islam might be firmly established, or that their peers might become Muslims, ...

Tafsir Ibn Kathir
... Al-Mu'allafatu Qulubuhum There are several types of Al-Mu'allafatu Qulubuhum. There are those who are given alms to embrace Islam. For instance, the Prophet of Allah gave something to Safwan bin Umayyah from the war spoils of Hunayn, even though he attended it while a Mushrik. Safwan said, "He kept giving me until he became the dearest person to me after he had been the most hated person to me.'' Imam Ahmad recorded that Safwan bin Umayyah said, "The Messenger of Allah gave me (from the spoils of) Hunayn while he was the most hateful person to me. He kept giving me until he became the most beloved person to me.'' Muslim and At-Tirmidhi collected this Hadith, as well. Some of Al-Mu'allafatu Qulubuhum are given from alms so that they become better in Islam and their heart firmer in faith. For instance, the Prophet gave some of the chiefs of the Tulaqa' a hundred camels each after the battle of Hunayn, saying, (I give a man (from the alms) while another man is dearer to me than him, for fear that Allah might throw him on his face in the fire of Jahannam.) It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Abu Sa`id said that `Ali sent the Messenger of Allah a gold nugget still in its dirt from Yemen. The Prophet divided it between four men: Al-Aqra` bin Habis, `Uyaynah bin Badr, `Alqamah bin `Ulathah and Zayd Al-Khayr, saying, (To draw their hearts closer.) ...

Tafsir Ibn Abbas
... (and those whose hearts are to be reconciled) by giving them gifts such as Abu Sufyan and his companions. ...

D. PEMBAHASAN

Untuk mengingatkan bahwa yang tertulis dalam teks QS 9:60 sebenarnya bukan zakat melainkan sedekah. Ulama Indonesia memang hobi menerjemahkan teks yang tidak sesuai makna yang seharusnya mungkin. Kembali pada pokok utama pembahasan catatan ini mengenai kafir yang diberi hadiah agar mereka menjadi mualaf:

Ibn Kathir menyebutkan dua kejadian:
"... the Prophet of Allah gave something to Safwan bin Umayyah from the war spoils of Hunayn, even though he attended it while a Mushrik ..."
"... the Prophet gave some of the chiefs of the Tulaqa' a hundred camels each after the battle of Hunayn, saying, (I give a man (from the alms) while another man is dearer to me than him, for fear that Allah might throw him on his face in the fire of Jahannam.) ..."

Ibn Abbas lebih dahulu menyebutkan bahwa Abu Sufyan adalah kafir yang terbujuk oleh pemberian-pemberian Muhammad sehingga akhirnya muallaf.

E. MERUMUSKAN METODE PE-MUALAF-AN SESUAI "SYARIAT ISLAM"

Ada satu lagi dalil yang menarik untuk dicermati:

QS 57:28 (Al-Hadiid - Besi, Urutan Turun Quran: 94, Madaniyah)
yaa ayyuhaa alladziina aamanuu ittaquu allaaha waaaminuu birasuulihi yu/tikum KIFLAYNI min rahmatihi ...
Hai orang-orang yang beriman (kepada para rasul), bertakwalah kepada Allah dan berimanlah kepada Rasul-Nya, niscaya Allah memberikan rahmat-Nya kepadamu DUA BAGIAN ... .

Berdasarkan dua dalil Quran di atas, maka bisa dibuat metode pe-mualaf-an yang dihalalkan Quran.
1. Menentukan target pemualafan.
2. Beri dana zakat untuk kafir supaya mereka tertarik masuk Islam (9:60).
3. Doktrin dengan "jatah dua bagian anugerah Allah'. Lebih besar daripada dapat "jatah satu bagian" untuk mereka yang sudah beragama Islam sejak lahir (QS 57:28).

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Footnote
(1) http://quranx.com/Tafsirs/9.60