Jika diteliti dengan hati yang bersih dari prasangka dan kebencian, ketika Anda membaca Quran, Anda akan menemukan bahwa apa yang selama ini marak beredar dipahami oleh umat Islam justru tidak sesuai dengan kebenaran yang dituju.A. PENGANTAR
B. DALIL QURAN
QS 5:66 (Al-Ma'aidah - Hidangan, Urutan Turun Surah: 112, Madaniyah)
walaw annahum aqaamuu alttawraata waal-injiila wamaa unzila ilayhim min rabbihim la-akaluu min fawqihim wamin tahti arjulihim MINHUM UMMATUN MUQTASHIDATUN wakatsiirun minhum saa-a maa ya'maluuna
Dan sekiranya mereka sungguh-sungguh menjalankan (hukum) Taurat dan Injil dan (Quran) yang diturunkan kepada mereka dari Tuhannya, niscaya mereka akan mendapat makanan dari atas dan dari bawah kaki mereka. DI ANTARA MEREKA ADA GOLONGAN YANG PERTENGAHAN. Dan alangkah buruknya apa yang dikerjakan oleh kebanyakan mereka.
walaw annahum aqaamuu alttawraata waal-injiila wamaa unzila ilayhim min rabbihim la-akaluu min fawqihim wamin tahti arjulihim MINHUM UMMATUN MUQTASHIDATUN wakatsiirun minhum saa-a maa ya'maluuna
Dan sekiranya mereka sungguh-sungguh menjalankan (hukum) Taurat dan Injil dan (Quran) yang diturunkan kepada mereka dari Tuhannya, niscaya mereka akan mendapat makanan dari atas dan dari bawah kaki mereka. DI ANTARA MEREKA ADA GOLONGAN YANG PERTENGAHAN. Dan alangkah buruknya apa yang dikerjakan oleh kebanyakan mereka.
Al-JalalaynC. TAFSIR (1)
And had they observed the Torah and the Gospel, by implementing what is in them, including believing in the Prophet (s), and what was revealed to them, of scriptures, from their Lord, they would surely have received nourishment from above them and from beneath their feet, by their being given provision in abundance, with it pouring forth from every place. Some of them, a group [among them], are a just community, implementing it [the Torah], and they are the ones who believed in the Prophet (s), the likes of ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and his companions; but many of them — evil is that, thing, which they do.
Al-Tustari
And had they observed the Torah and the Gospel and what was revealed to them from their Lord, they would surely have received nourishment from above them and from beneath their feet"That is, if they acted according to what God revealed to Muḥammad, and if you acted according to it, you would attain this rank, just as those who acted according to it attained it. Furthermore, if you had turned to the Provider (al-Razzāq), your provision would have been taken care of. Then he said:You are not greater than ʿAmr b. Layth, who would march with one thousand horsemen and one thousand foot soldiers in his charge, each one holding a mace of gold and silver. Eventually it came to pass that he was imprisoned in a house after being handed over to the Caliph, who subsequently deprived him of food and drink. When his door was opened they found him dead with his mouth full of straw and clay due to his intense hunger. Then he [the Caliph] said, "Truly I have advised you and truly I am among those who give you good counsel."It was related by Mālik b. Dīnār, from Ḥammād b. Salma and Ḥammād b. Yazīd, that these two came to visit Rābiʿa, and mentioned something concerning the matters of this world. So Rābi"a said, "You are talking about this world a lot. I think you must be hungry, so if you are hungrygo over to that pot with the flour and make yourselves whatever takes your fancy." Then, one of those who were with her remarked, "If only we had some garlic." Ḥammād continued, "Then I saw Rābiʿa"s lips moving and she had not even finished before a bird came with a clove of garlic in its beak which it cast down and then flew off. His words, Exalted is He:
Kashani
And had they observed the Torah, by ascertaining the exoteric aspects of knowledge [therein] and fulfilling the duties arising from the self-disclosures of the acts and observing their rules in transactions, and the Gospel, by ascertaining the esoteric signs and fulfilling the duties arising from the self-disclosures of the attributes and observing their rules, and, consolidated, what was revealed to them, of the knowledge of the origin and the final return as well as the affirmation of the unity of the kingdom and the spiritual realm of the world of lordship, which is the world of the [divine] Names, they would surely have received nourishment from above them, that is, they would surely have been provided from the higher spiritual world with divine forms of knowledge, rational realities of certainty and the gnoses of the Truth by which they are guided to knowledge of God and to knowledge of the angelic spiritual realm and the realm of divine power, and from beneath their feet, that is, [they would have also been provided] from the lower corporeal world with knowledge of the natural [physical] world and of sensory objects of perception by which they are guided to knowledge of the world of the kingdom and would come to know God by His exoteric and esoteric name, nay, by all of the names and attributes and would arrive at the station of the two mentioned affirmations of unity. Some of them are a just community, equitable, having arrived at the affirmation of the unity of the names and attributes, but many of them, have not arrived at the affirmation of the unity of the acts yet, let alone the affirmation of the unity of the attributes and thus their deeds are evil since they arise from the attributes of their souls, this being their densest veil.
Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi - Tafhim al-Qur'an
This concise sentence refers to a speech of the Prophet Moses contained in Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 28. In this he warned the Israelites in detail: "If you will carefully carry out all His Commands......., then your God will lift you high above all the nations of the earth and all His blessings shall come Upon you", but "If you do not listen to the voice of God and are not mindful of all His commands and rules,........ then shall all sorts of curses, calamities and plagues come upon you.......The Eternal will have you routed in front of your foes. "
Ibn ‘Abbâs
(If they had observed the Torah and the Gospel) if they had accepted what is in the Torah and the Gospel and demonstrated the traits and description of Muhammad contained therein (and that which was revealed unto them from their Lord) and had they elucidated that which their Lord had explained to them in the Torah and the Gospel; it is also said that this means: if they had believed that all the scriptures and messengers are from their Lord, (they would surely have been nourished from above them) through rain (and from beneath their feet) through vegetation and fruit. (Among them) among the people of the Book (there are people who are moderate) a group of just and upright people, i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Salam and his followers, the monk Bahirah, the Negus and his followers, and Salman al-Farisi and his fellows, (but many of them are of evil conduct) evil is what they do in terms of concealing the traits and description of Muhammad. Among such people are Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, Ka'b Ibn Asad, Malik Ibn al-Sayf, Sa'id Ibn 'Amr, Abu Yasir, and Judayy Ibn Akhtab.
Ibn Kathir
(And if only they had acted according to the Tawrah, the Injil, and what has (now) been sent down to them from their Lord,) meaning, the Qur'an, as Ibn `Abbas and others said. (they would surely have gotten provision from above them and from underneath their feet.) Had they adhered to the Books that they have with them which they inherited from the Prophets, without altering or changing these Books, these would have directed them to follow the truth and implement the revelation that Allah sent Muhammad with. These Books testify to the Prophet's truth and command that he must be followed.
Theos amat menyayangkan tindakan ustad-ustad Islam yang menambahkan kata: Al Quran, ketika menerjemah kalimat: walaw annahum aqaamuu alttawraata waal-injiila wamaa unzila ilayhim min rabbihim. Karena memang tidak ada kata, Quran di situ. Ditambahkan kata Quran, dengan menafsirkan kalimat: wamaa unzila ilayhim min rabbihim (dan yang diturunkan kepada mereka) bahwa "itu termasuk Quran".D. PEMBAHASAN
Dipahami bahwa memang ada Ibn Kathir yang menyatakan hal itu dengan mengutip Ibn Abbas, namun jika kita melihat tafsir Ibn Abbas pun multi-tafsir. Coba Anda perhatikan kalimat dalam tafsir Abbas: "... It is also said ...". Ada dua kemungkinan di situ.
Theos memilih pandangan bahwa kalimat: wamaa unzila ilayhim min rabbihim (dan yang diturunkan kepada mereka) merujuk pada bukan Quran karena beberapa hal berikut:
(a) Selain Taurat dan Injil ada Al Furqan dan Zabur yang juga telah diturunkan Allah pada ahlu kitab. Ini ada ayatnya. - Lihat juga tafsir Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
(b) Kalimat wamaa unzila ilayhim min rabbihim (dan yang diturunkan kepada mereka) ini merujuk pada kejadian di masa lampau (was). Bukan masa kini di zaman Muhammad. (3)
(c) Kecuali Kathir yang mengutip Abbas yang juga multi tafsir, penafsir Quran lainnya sepakat bahwa kalimat itu merujuk pada kitab-kitab yang telah ada yang dimiliki ahlu kitab. Saat QS 5:66 turun, tidak ada satu kitab yang bernama Al Quran. Quran masih merupakan hafalan-hafalan yang tersebar.
Kembali ke pokok persoalan utama, siapakah yang di maksud dengan kalimat: MINHUM UMMATUN MUQTASHIDATUN? Kitab apa yang mereka miliki dan baca? Asli atau palsu kitab yang mereka miliki? Kapan mereka hidup? Itu yang mau kita cari tahu bersama.
SIAPAKAH MEREKA?
"Dan sekiranya mereka sungguh-sungguh menjalankan (hukum) Taurat dan Injil ... DI ANTARA MEREKA ADA GOLONGAN YANG PERTENGAHAN. ..."
Jawab:
Mereka adalah orang-orang Yahudi dan Nasrani yang ada di Madinah dan sekitarnya pada zaman Muhammad. Mereka memiliki Kitab Taurat dan Injil yang mereka baca saat itu. Beberapa di antara mereka setelah membaca Taurat dan Injil memercayai bahwa Muhammad adalah nabi, ini yang disebut "GOLONGAN PERTENGAHAN", namun tidak semua di antara mereka setelah membaca Kitab Taurat dan Injil (yang sama yang dimiliki "golongan pertengahan") menjadi memercayai Muhammad. Mengapa? Karena Yahudi macam Abdul Salam (salah seorang yang di maksud sebagai "golongan pertengahan") menafsir Taurat asli itu dan kemudian memahami Muhammad adalah nabi, sedangkan banyak Yahudi lainnya yang berbeda pemahaman dengan Abdul Salam dan mereka menolak Muhammad. So, ini betul-betul murni masalah beda tafsir terhadap kitab-kitab sebelum Quran di antara ahlu kitab saat itu. Bukan perkara kitab Taurat atau Injil di zaman Muhammad sudah palsu.
Anda masih tak percaya?
Baiklah, coba saja Anda bertanya kepada orang Islam tentang siapa yang dimaksud "Golongan Pertengahan" itu? Kitab yang dibaca "Golongan Pertengahan" ini asli atau palsu?
Selamat terbuka mata hati dan pikirannya.
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Footnote
(1) http://quranx.com/Tafsirs/5.66
(2) http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=756&Itemid=60
(3) http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=5&verse=66